History of Batak

Tapanuli natural topography and fertile, have attracted the Malays Old (Proto Malay) to migrate to the Lake Toba region around 4000-7000 years ago. Language and archaeological evidence suggests that the Austronesian people of Taiwan have moved to Sumatra and the Philippines about 2,500 years ago, and the possibility of including the Batak people in this group .. During the 13th century, the Batak had intercourse with the kingdom of Minangkabau Pagaruyung in which it has inspired the development of Batak script .. At the 6th century, traders from India Tamil Barus established market town, on the west coast of North Sumatra. They trade camphor cultivated by farmers in the interior of Batak. Batak camphor production of good quality land, so the camphor became a major agricultural commodity Batak people, as well as incense. In the 10th century, Barus attacked by Srivijaya. This led to the expulsion of the merchants of the coastal Tamil Sumater. In the subsequent periods, many dominated by camphor trade Minangkabau traders who established a colony on the west and east coast of North Sumatra. Their colonies stretched from Barus, Sorkam, until Christmas.

The spread of religion

The entry of Islam
During his visit in 1292, Marco Polo reported that the Batak people as those "wild idolatrous" and was never influenced by outside religions. Although Ibn Battuta, visited North Sumatra in 1345 and convert the Sultan Al-Malik Al-Dhahir, the Batak have never known before Islam spread by the merchants Minangkabau. Along with business trading, many traders who do marry Minangkabau, Batak women mawin. It has gradually Increasing Muslims in the middle of Batak society. [6] At the time of Padri War in the early 19 th century, the land forces attacked Batak and Minangkabau to the Islamization of society massively and Angkola Mandailing. But the attack on the Toba Padri, can not Islamize the society, which they eventually embraced the Protestant religion. Kingdom of Aceh in the north, also has played a part in Karo Islamize society, Pakpak, and Dairi.

Christian missionaries
See also: History of the entry of Christianity into the tribal Batak In 1824, two British Baptist missionaries, Richard Burton and Nathaniel Ward Sibolga walk from the interior toward the Batak. After three days of walking, they reached the plateau Silindung and stayed for two weeks in the outback. From this exploration, they make observations and direct observations of the Batak people's lives. In 1834, this event was followed by Henry and Samuel Lyman Munson of the American Board of Commissioners for Foreign Missions.
In 1850, the Council commissioned a Dutch gospel Neubronner Herman van der Tuuk to publish a grammar books and dictionaries Batak language - Dutch. It aims to facilitate the Christian missions Netherlands and Germany to talk with people Toba and Simalungun pengkristenan targeted them.

The first missionaries from Germany arrived in the valley around Lake Toba in 1861, and a mission pengkristenan executed in 1881 by Dr. Ludwig Ingwer Nommensen. New Testament for the first time translated into Toba Batak by Nommensen in 1869 and completed the Old Testament translation by P. H. Johannsen in 1891. Text translation is printed in Latin letters in Medan in 1893. According to H. O. Voorma, this translation is not easy to read, somewhat stiff, and sounded strange in Batak language.

Toba and Karo society Christianity absorbs quickly, and at the beginning of the 20th century have made Christianity a cultural identity [12]. At this time the colonial revival period of the Dutch East Indies, where many of the Batak are no longer fighting a war with the colonial government. The guerrilla resistance by Toba Batak people ended in 1907, after their charismatic leader, Sisingamangaraja XII died.

HKBP church
Huria Kristen Batak Protestant Church (HKBP) has been established in Balige in September 1917. At the end of the 1920s, a school nurse to provide care training midwives there. Then in 1941, Karo Batak Protestant Church (GBKP) was established.

Confidence
Before tribal Batak Protestant Christian religion, they have a religious belief system and on Mulajadi Nabolon who have power over the sky and the radiance of His power manifested in Debata Natolu.
Concerning the soul and spirit, Batak tribe knew the three concepts, namely:

•  Tondi: the soul or spirit is a person who is a strength, because it gives life to man Tondi. Tondi in the can since someone in kandungan.Bila Tondi leaving one's body, then that person will get sick or die, then held a ceremony mangalap (pick) sombaon Tondi of the prisoner.
•  Sahala: the soul or spirit of one's own strength. All people have the Tondi, but not everyone has Sahala. Sahala with sumanta, luck or supernatural powers possessed by the king or the hula-hula.
•  Begu: is Tondi people have died, the same behavior with human behavior, appear only at night.

Thus religion and beliefs contained in the Batak tribe pustaha. Although it has been converted to Christianity and educated, but the Batak do not want to leave the religion and beliefs that are embedded in their consciousness. There is also confidence in Tarutung about snakes (ulok) with boru Hutabarat, which can not be said to be boru Hutabarat Tarutung beautiful. Beautiful when it is said the woman's life is not long to live, according to people's beliefs.

Kinship
Kinship is related to the legal relationships between people in social life. There are two forms of kinship to the Batak tribe, which is based on lineage (genealogy) and by Sosilogis, while kinship teritorail no.
Forms of kinship based on descent (genealogy) visible from the clan genealogy from Si Raja Batak, Batak in which all ethnic groups have the clans. While kinship is based on sociological occurs through an agreement (inter-clan match only) or by marriage. In Batak tradition, which is the bond of unity Indigenous blood in the genus, and Marga. This means that for example Harahap, unity is customary Marga narga Harahap vs other. Due to the Batak Customary / Traditional Batak are often dynamic nature adapted to the time and place affect the tradition of inter-regional differences in style.

The existence of philosophy in the parable of the Toba Batak language that reads: Jonok dongan partubu jonokan do dongan parhundul. is a philosophy that we should always maintain good relations with neighbors, because they're the closest friends. But in a custom implementation, the first look for is the one clan, although basically a neighbor should not be forgotten in the implementation of the Indigenous.

Philosophy and social systems
Batak society has the philosophy, principles as well as structures and systems in the furnace nan kemasyarakatannya Three or in Toba Batak language called Dalihan na Tolu, the Hula-hula, Boru Dongan Tubu and plus-sihal Sihal. In Batak language Angkola Dalihan na Tolu consists of Mora, Kahanggi, and Children Boru

• Hulahula / Mora is the family of the wife. Hula is the most respected positions in society and mores Batak (all sub-tribe of Batak). So that everyone must respect the Batak ordered Hulahula (Somba marhula-hula).
•  Dongan Tubu / Kahanggi called Dongan Sabutuha is the brother of one clan. Literally born from the same stomach. They are like tree trunks close to each other, support each other, although because it was so close to each other sometimes friction. But the dispute did not make the connection one can separate genera. Rather like water cut with a knife, although cleaved but remain united. However, to everyone Batak (Batak culture) should be ordered to his wise semarga. Termed, tubu mardongan manat.
•  Boru / Son of Boru is the family who took the wife of a clan (family). Boru occupies the lowest position as 'parhobas' or servants in both daily life and (especially) in any traditional ceremonies. But even as a servant does not mean burfungsi be treated unjustly. But the parties must be taken boru heart, coaxed, termed: Elek marboru.

But that does not mean there is caste in Batak kinship system. Kinship system Dalihan bersifak na Tolu is contextual. In context, all Batak society must never be Hulahula, as well as the Dongan Tubu, as well as Boru. So everyone should put the position in context.

So that the kinship system, all of the Batak people should behave 'king'. Raja Batak kinship in the order does not mean that people in power, but people who behave in accordance with good manners in the Batak kinship system. Then in any conversation is always called Raja ni custom Hulahula, Raji no ni Dongan Tubu and King Boru.

Tarombo
 Pedigree or Tarombo is something that is very important to the Batak people. For those who do not know the lineage will be considered as the Batak people astray (nalilu). Batak people especially men are required to know the lineage of at least a lower clan ancestors and friends semarganya (dongan tubu). It is necessary to know the location of kinship (partuturanna) in a clan or a clan.

Controversy
Later some people Simalungun, Karo, Angkola, and Mandailing not call itself as part of the Batak tribe. In the 1930 census and 2000, the government classifies Simalungun, Karo, Toba, Mandailing, Pakpak and Angkola as ethnic Batak.

Many people who think that because they are less aware of what and who was the Batak. All genera in Simalungun, Karo, Angkola, and Mandailing have consanguinity with the parent clans which are generally located in the Toba